Overview
The Maltese is a small toy dog with a flowing, pure-white, silky coat. It is closely related to the Bichon, Bolognese and Havanese.
It is lively yet calm, very affectionate and kept purely as a companion and show dog.
History
Small white dogs linked with the island of Melita, usually identified as Malta, appear in ancient Greek and Roman writing, where they were popular lap dogs. Genetic experts say the modern breed cannot be traced to those dogs by pedigree.
The modern Maltese took shape in Victorian Britain. It was recognised by the American Kennel Club in 1888 and by the FCI in 1955.
Appearance
A small dog weighing about 3 to 4 kg and standing roughly 20 to 25 cm tall. The coat is long, dense, glossy and silky with no undercoat, hanging heavily along the body. The ears hang and the tail curves over the back.
The colour is pure white, with a pale ivory tinge allowed.
Temperament
Lively, calm and affectionate, the Maltese thrives on human company and does not like being left alone. It is playful, alert and often confident beyond its size.
Care and exercise
It needs daily brushing to keep the coat free of tangles, regular baths and face cleaning to limit tear stains. Many owners keep the coat in a shorter trim.
Short walks and play meet its exercise needs.
Health
May be prone to liver and heart problems and to luxating patella. White coats often show tear staining.
