Overview
The Jack Russell Terrier is a compact, mostly white terrier with a smooth, rough or broken coat. It was developed for working foxes and has kept its drive and stamina.
It is a distinct breed from the Parson Russell Terrier, which is taller and has its own standard.
History
The breed is named after the Reverend John Russell, a hunting parson from Devon, who in 1819 bought a small white and tan terrier called Trump. She became the basis of his breeding programme for a mostly white working terrier.
After his death, others carried on the type, and clubs formed in the twentieth century. Breed societies resisted kennel club recognition to protect working ability, which led to the separate Parson Russell Terrier.
Appearance
A small, sturdy and athletic terrier, mainly white with tan, black or lemon markings. The coat may be smooth, rough or broken. Height is generally about 25 to 30 cm, with a longer-bodied, compact build.
The ears fold forward and the eyes are bright and alert.
Temperament
Bold, clever and full of energy, the Jack Russell is a determined character. It is affectionate with its family and playful, but it has a strong chase and digging instinct.
It can be stubborn and noisy if bored, and may be assertive with other dogs.
Care and exercise
This breed needs a lot of daily exercise, games and training to stay happy. Secure fencing is essential, as it can dig and climb.
Coat care is simple: a weekly brush, more often in the shedding season for rough coats.
Health
Generally a hardy, long-lived breed. Known issues include patellar luxation, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, lens luxation, deafness and some inherited eye conditions.
