# Shape-Shifting Molecules Could Replace Silicon in Future AI Chips

*2026-01-22 14:03 UTC · Science · 1 min read*

> Indian Institute of Science researchers create molecular devices that dynamically switch between memory, logic, and learning functions for next-gen AI chips.

Scientists at the Indian Institute of Science have developed molecular devices that can dynamically switch between memory, logic, and learning functions within the same structure. The breakthrough could address fundamental limitations facing silicon-based AI hardware.

The research team, led by Sreetosh Goswami at CeNSE, synthesized 17 ruthenium complexes that change behavior based on how they are stimulated. A single device can act as a memory element, logic gate, selector, analog processor, or electronic synapse. This adaptability enables both memory and computation in the same material—key for neuromorphic hardware where learning is encoded directly into the chip.

Silicon miniaturization faces serious obstacles as transistors approach the 5nm limit, including quantum tunneling, contact resistance, and excessive power consumption. The team developed a physics-based transport model that can predict device behavior directly from molecular structure, paving the way for integration onto silicon chips.

## Sources

- [sciencedaily.com](https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2026/01/260101160857.htm)
- [phys.org](https://phys.org/news/2025-12-encoding-intelligence-molecular.html)

---
TechTools News · https://techtools.cz/tools/news/article/43-shape-shifting-molecules-could-replace-silicon-in-future-ai-chips